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NOAA/NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER STORM REPORTS

Hail, Wind & Tornado Reports on September 16, 1978

Public hail, wind, and tornado reports across the United States on September 16, 1978 from September 16, 1978 through September 16, 1978, sourced from NOAA/NWS Local Storm Reports and SPC storm report data.

Pick any date to see hail, wind and tornado public reports for that day — e.g. September 19, 2026.
Hail Reports
8
Wind Reports
14
Tornado Reports
5
Max Hail Size
3.00″
Source  NOAA SPC · NWS Local Storm Reports Coverage  United States · September 16, 1978 · 1978–present Updated  Daily · last Sep 16, 1978

NWS Hail Reports on September 16, 1978

8 reports
Free hail report for your home →
3.00″ hail
Sep 16, 1978
7:55 PM CST
Hail report for September 16, 1978
Black Hawk County · 40,971 Homes in County
Hail Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Hail Report Location: Not provided, IA
1.75″ hail
Sep 16, 1978
7:45 PM CST
Hail report for September 16, 1978
Black Hawk County · 40,971 Homes in County
Hail Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Hail Report Location: Not provided, IA
1.75″ hail
Sep 16, 1978
7:45 PM CST
Hail report for September 16, 1978
Black Hawk County · 40,971 Homes in County
Hail Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Hail Report Location: Not provided, IA
2.00″ hail
Sep 16, 1978
6:40 PM CST
Hail report for September 16, 1978
Clay County · 75,791 Homes in County
Hail Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Hail Report Location: Not provided, MO
2.75″ hail
Sep 16, 1978
6:00 PM CST
Hail report for September 16, 1978
Buchanan County · 28,245 Homes in County
Hail Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Hail Report Location: Not provided, MO
1.25″ hail
Sep 16, 1978
5:30 PM CST
Hail report for September 16, 1978
Buchanan County · 28,245 Homes in County
Hail Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Hail Report Location: Not provided, MO
1.75″ hail
Sep 16, 1978
4:00 PM CST
Hail report for September 16, 1978
Buchanan County · 28,245 Homes in County
Hail Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Hail Report Location: Not provided, MO
1.75″ hail
Sep 16, 1978
4:30 AM CST
Hail report for September 16, 1978
Henderson County · 2,822 Homes in County
Hail Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Hail Report Location: Not provided, IL
Showing 8 of 8
Hail Damage Risk for Your Home +

Hail reports describe hail by diameter, often comparing stone size to familiar objects like peas, quarters, golf balls, and softballs. Use this guide as a starting point for possible hail damage to your roof, siding, gutters, vents, windows, and exterior. Actual hail damage depends on hail hardness, density, wind speed, impact angle, roof age, shingle condition, roof pitch, roofing material, installation quality, and prior storm damage.

Pea
0.25″
Low

Usually too small to cause hail damage to most sound asphalt roofs, siding, or gutters.

Mothball
0.50″
Sub-Severe Watch

Below the NWS severe-hail threshold, but not always harmless. Repeated small hail can scuff surfaces, wear aging shingles, and loosen protective granules over time.

Penny
0.75″
Minor / Watch

Below the NWS severe-hail threshold, but roof hail damage is still possible on older, brittle, poorly installed, or previously damaged shingles. May also mark screens, vents, gutters, and soft metal.

Nickel
0.88″
Minor / Watch

Still below the severe-hail threshold, but large enough to leave visible marks on soft metal and add wear to older or hail-weakened roof shingles.

Quarter
1.00″
Watch

The NWS severe-hail threshold. Quarter-size hail can bruise shingles, dent soft metal, and create roof hail damage worth checking.

Half Dollar
1.25″
Watch

More likely to dent gutters, vents, flashing, and siding. Hail damage risk rises quickly on older roofs or hail-weakened shingles.

Ping Pong / Walnut
1.50″
Likely

Hail damage becomes more likely, including bruised shingles, granule loss, dented siding, and damaged roof vents.

Golf Ball
1.75″
Likely

Often causes roof hail damage, cracked shingles, dented gutters, damaged flashing, and siding impacts. A roof inspection is recommended.

Hen Egg
2.00″
Serious

Can crack or puncture shingles, expose mat, dent siding, and cause widespread hail damage across the roof and exterior.

Tennis Ball
2.50″
Serious

Can cause heavy roof hail damage, punctured siding, broken skylights, damaged vents, and widespread exterior damage.

Baseball
2.75″
Major

Major hail damage is likely, including severe roof impacts, damaged siding, broken windows, and possible major roof repairs.

Tea Cup / Large Apple
3.00″
Major

Can cause heavy hail damage across the roof, siding, gutters, windows, and exterior. Significant repairs are often needed.

Softball
4.00″
Extreme

Destructive hail damage. Can severely damage roofing materials, siding, windows, gutters, vents, vehicles, and exterior surfaces.

Grapefruit
4.50″
Extreme

Catastrophic hail damage risk for roofs, windows, vehicles, siding, gutters, and exterior surfaces.

Source: NOAA / National Weather Service hail size references are used for hail-size comparisons and the 1.00″ severe-hail threshold. Damage descriptions are general homeowner guidance, not official NOAA/NWS damage ratings. Sub-severe hail under 1.00″ is below the severe threshold, but that does not mean “no roof damage.” Penny- to nickel-size hail can still contribute to granule loss, cosmetic surface marks, and added wear, especially on older, brittle, poorly installed, or previously damaged roofs.

NWS Wind Reports on September 16, 1978

14 reports
Free hail report + wind check →
UNK mph
Sep 16, 1978
11:00 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Warren County · 6,620 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, IL
UNK mph
Sep 16, 1978
10:25 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Henry County · 19,389 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, IL
59 mph
Sep 16, 1978
10:20 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Rock Island County · 46,655 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, IL
60 mph
Sep 16, 1978
10:13 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Henderson County · 2,822 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, IL
60 mph
Sep 16, 1978
9:57 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Muscatine County · 13,730 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, IA
60 mph
Sep 16, 1978
9:10 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Johnson County · 32,661 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, IA
60 mph
Sep 16, 1978
8:32 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Wapello County · 12,289 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, IA
70 mph
Sep 16, 1978
5:35 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Clinton County · 7,438 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, MO
90 mph
Sep 16, 1978
5:30 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Osage County · 6,057 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, KS
UNK mph
Sep 16, 1978
5:30 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Buchanan County · 28,245 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, MO
UNK mph
Sep 16, 1978
3:30 PM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Marion County · 4,935 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, KS
UNK mph
Sep 16, 1978
10:00 AM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Sherburne County · 29,048 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, MN
70 mph
Sep 16, 1978
9:30 AM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Stearns County · 45,866 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, MN
UNK mph
Sep 16, 1978
3:00 AM CST
Wind report for September 16, 1978
Livingston County · 12,465 Homes in County
Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Wind Report Location: Not provided, IL
Showing 14 of 14
Wind Damage Risk for Your Home +

Storm reports list thunderstorm wind gusts in mph. The NWS marks storms as severe at 58+ mph, but wind damage to your home depends on roof age, shingle condition, installation, exposure, nearby trees, and prior hail or wind damage.

Below Severe
Under 58 mph
Minor

Usually little damage to a sound roof, but loose shingles, flashing, or debris may shift.

Severe
58–74 mph
Watch

Can loosen shingles, lift flashing, break limbs, and damage gutters, siding, fences, or trim.

Damaging
75–90 mph
Serious

Can peel shingles, damage vents, tear siding, rip gutters, and expose weak roof areas.

Extreme
90+ mph
Major

Can cause major roof covering loss, tree damage, broken windows, and structural damage.

Source: NOAA / National Weather Service storm reports. Gusts may be measured or estimated; actual wind damage varies by roof condition, exposure, and prior hail or wind damage.

NWS Tornado Reports on September 16, 1978

5 reports
UNK category
Sep 16, 1978
8:45 PM CST
Tornado report for September 16, 1978
Mahaska County · 7,582 Homes in County
Tornado Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Tornado Report Location: Not provided, IA
UNK category
Sep 16, 1978
8:35 PM CST
Tornado report for September 16, 1978
Mahaska County · 7,582 Homes in County
Tornado Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Tornado Report Location: Not provided, IA
F3 category
Sep 16, 1978
7:55 PM CST
Tornado report for September 16, 1978
Poweshiek County · 6,848 Homes in County
Tornado Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Tornado Report Location: Not provided, IA
F3 category
Sep 16, 1978
7:35 PM CST
Tornado report for September 16, 1978
Jasper County · 12,666 Homes in County
Tornado Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Tornado Report Location: Not provided, IA
F3 category
Sep 16, 1978
7:25 PM CST
Tornado report for September 16, 1978
Marshall County · 13,091 Homes in County
Tornado Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.
NWS Tornado Report Location: Not provided, IA
Showing 5 of 5
Tornado Damage Risk for Your Home +

After a tornado, the National Weather Service assigns an EF rating from EF0 to EF5 based on surveyed damage. The rating estimates wind speed from what the tornado damaged, so actual damage can vary by construction quality, roof age, garage doors, windows, trees, debris, and how close the home was to the tornado path.

EF0
65–85 mph
Light

Can peel shingles, damage gutters or siding, break tree limbs, and toss loose outdoor items.

EF1
86–110 mph
Moderate

Can strip roof covering, damage exterior doors, break windows, snap trees, and cause heavier siding or gutter damage.

EF2
111–135 mph
Serious

Can tear off large sections of roofing, break or uproot trees, destroy weaker structures, and cause major exterior damage.

EF3–EF5
136+ mph
Severe

Can remove roofs and walls, destroy large portions of homes, toss vehicles, and cause severe to total destruction near the path.

Source: NOAA / National Weather Service. EF ratings are assigned after a post-storm damage survey and are based on observed damage, not a direct measurement at every home.

NWS Hail, Wind and Tornado Reports on September 16, 1978 on the Interactive Map

Report type
Hail
Wind
Tornado

Get a Remote Hail Inspection

Not sure if hail may have affected your home on September 16, 1978? Ask a local pro for a Remote Hail Inspection. They can review hail activity for your property and help you decide whether an in-person roof or exterior inspection makes sense.

Frequently asked questions

for homeowners, buyers & sellers
How many storm reports were recorded on September 16, 1978?

Our records show 8 hail, 14 wind, and 5 tornado reports on September 16, 1978, compiled from NOAA SPC and NWS Local Storm Reports. The most recent was reported on September 16, 1978.

What was the largest hail reported on September 16, 1978?

The largest hail size in these storm-report records on September 16, 1978 is 3.00″, reported near Waterloo, IA.

Some reports show UNK instead of a wind speed or tornado rating — what does that mean?

Wind reports come three ways: measured from an instrument, estimated from the damage observed, or UNK when no speed was recorded. Tornadoes show UNK until the National Weather Service finishes a damage survey and assigns an EF rating. UNK simply means that value was not available when the report was filed.

A report appeared near my home on September 16, 1978 — is my roof damaged?

Not necessarily. A storm report shows that hail, wind, or a tornado was observed nearby, not that any specific home was hit. To find out whether your property was affected, check an address-level hail report, and if it looks significant, ask a local pro about a Remote Hail Inspection before scheduling roof work.

I am buying or selling a home — how do these on September 16, 1978 reports help?

If a storm passed through, a roof or exterior may have damage that is hard to see, or a recent repair may trace back to it. Buyers can ask better questions before closing, and sellers can document the home condition up front — both starting from the property address rather than a whole region.

How do I check what happened at a specific address on September 16, 1978?

Use the address search to pull a free address-level hail report for any property — no phone number or email required. It shows recent hail activity for that address so you know whether a closer roof or exterior review makes sense.

Where does this storm report data come from, and what are its limits?

Storm reports on this page are public reports from storm events on September 16, 1978 across the United States, sourced from NOAA SPC and NWS Local Storm Reports. They show where hail, wind, or tornado activity was reported, but they do not confirm damage at any specific property. Report locations, sizes, and times may be approximate and can vary from what an individual home experienced. For property-specific hail history, use an address-level hail report or contact a participating local professional for a remote hail inspection. Pros inclusion is not an endorsement, and contacting a professional does not confirm damage at any property.

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