Hail, Wind & Tornado Reports on October 25, 2010

Hail Report Description: Quarter size hail was reported near the intersection of NC Highway 73 and NC Highway 211.

Hail Report Description: The Public reported dime to quarter size hail in the Lakes of Summerville subdivision in Summerville, South Carolina.

Hail Report Description: A trained weather spotter reported nickel size hail near the intersection of Harbor Lake Drive and Red Bank Road in Goose Creek, South Carolina.

Hail Report Description: The Johnson County Emergency Management Director reported quarter-sized hail from the Meeks area.

Hail Report Description: The Public reported nickel size hail in the Hamlet subdivision in Goose Creek, South Carolina.

Hail Report Description: Amateur radio operators relayed reports of quarter-sized hail just northwest of Dublin. Hail was observed on Old Macon Road and Georgia Highway 338 and near the W. H. Bud Baron Airport.

Hail Report Description: The public observed quarter-sized hail in the west central part of the county between Norristown, Nunez, and Swainsboro.

Hail Report Description: Numerous reports of hail the size of quarters or larger were received from the public and the Emanuel County Emergency Management Director from across the county. While most of the hail reported was of the size of quarters, half-dollar to golf ball-sized hail was observed. In addition, one tree was down on U.S. Highway 221 north.

Hail Report Description: The Johnson County Emergency Management Director relayed that numerous reports of quarter-sized hail were received from the south part of the county from north of Scott to Meeks and Kite, including the Moore's Chapel area. Golf ball-sized hail was observed near Meeks and also on Georgia Highway 15 south of Wrightsville toward Meeks. At least one home in the Meeks area sustained significant roof damage from the large hail.

Hail Report Description: The public observed golf ball-sized hail northeast of Dexter near Harlow.

Hail Report Description: Burke fire station number 6 in Gough reported quarter size hail in the Gough and St. Clair area.

Hail Report Description: The Bleckley County Emergency Management Director reported nickel to quarter-sized hail east of Cochran.

Hail Report Description: The public reported golf ball size hail in Lodge, South Carolina.

Hail Report Description: Bamberg dispatch relayed public reports of quarter size hail in EHRHARDT and areas to the southeast.

Hail Report Description: Several reports of quarter to golf ball-sized hail were received from the public and amateur radio operators across the central part of Houston county from about halfway between Perry and Warner Robins to Kalthleen and Bonaire. Hail was observed on both Georgia Highway 127 and Moody Road. There was also one report of nickel-sized hail from the city of Perry, which likely fell around 240 pm EDT.

Hail Report Description: Hail up to 1 inch in diameter was reported at Rivers Bridge State Park.

Hail Report Description: The Public reported golf ball size hail 3 miles southeast of Ulmer, South Carolina.

Hail Report Description: Law Enforcement reported baseball size hail lasting 3 minutes at the 911 Center in Allendale, South Carolina.

Hail Report Description: A trained weather spotter reported nickel size hail near the intersection of Highway 301 and Bluff Road in Allendale, South Carolina.

Hail Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.

Hail Report Description: The public reported observing golf ball-sized hail near Resaca. However, radar data was not supportive of hail this large. The same storm only produced quarter-sized hail in Chattooga county and had already weakened by the time it reached Gordon county.

Hail Report Description: The Emergency Management Director reported quarter-sized hail across the northwest part of the county.

Hail Report Description: Quarter inch hail was reported.

Hail Report Description: Penny size hail was reported east of Trenton.

Wind Report Description: An eighteen inch diameter tree fell on power lines and knocked out power.

Wind Report Description: Strong thunderstorm wind blew down a couple large trees between Little Flock and Pea Ridge.

Wind Report Description: Thunderstorm winds blew down a utility pole at the intersection of Highway 154 and U.S. Highway 54.

Wind Report Description: A large limb was observed across the road.

Wind Report Description: A downed tree blocked Farm Road 1135 between Highway C and Highway VV.

Wind Report Description: Power poles were reported down in Warsaw.

Wind Report Description: Power poles were reported down in Warsaw.

Wind Report Description: Strong thunderstorm wind blew down a large tree onto Rocky Dell Hollow Road on the west side of Bella Vista.

Wind Report Description: A tree fell on power lines and caught fire at the intersection of Summit Road and Reid Road.

Wind Report Description: A tree was blown into a power line.

Wind Report Description: Law Enforcement reported two trees blown down at the Old Sheldon Church ruins, near the intersection of Old Sheldon Church Road and Baily Road, in Sheldon, South Carolina.

Wind Report Description: Law enforcement reported a tree down in Portal, Georgia.

Wind Report Description: The Johnson County Emergency Management Director reported that a few trees were down in the area from five miles north of Adrian to Meeks in the southern part of the county.

Wind Report Description: The Laurens County Emergency Management Director reported that a few trees and power lines were down in the East Dublin area, with a few more trees and power lines down east of East Dublin toward Brewton. A home near Brewton suffered minor roof damage. A barn in the same area also sustained moderate roof damage. Downed trees were noted along U.S. Highway 319 and Ernest Road, east of East Dublin.

Wind Report Description: A well constructed shed was damaged by a downed tree.

Wind Report Description: Augusta Chronicle reported large limbs down in the downtown area.

Wind Report Description: An area of wind damage was reported along highway 152 between China Grove and Rockwell. Several power lines were blown down near the intersection of Castor Rd and highway 152. Just east of there, an outbuilding was destroyed, trees were downed, and part of the roof was torn off of a sunroom at a residence on highway 152.

Wind Report Description: One large tree was blown down at the corner of Wadsworth Street.

Wind Report Description: A couple of small trees were blown down in Randolph Park.

Wind Report Description: A tree was blown down on Saint Matthews Church Rd, about 5 miles north of Lincolnton.

Wind Report Description: A tree was blown down on Route 94 near Hilltown.

Wind Report Description: A tree was blown down on Reepsville Rd near the Vale community.

Wind Report Description: Trees were blown down by thunderstorm winds on Stones Chapel Road.

Wind Report Description: Trees were blown down by strong winds on Burkes Garden Road.

Wind Report Description: A telephone line was blown down on Stroup Mountain Road. Damage amounts are estimated.

Wind Report Description: A large tree was blown down by strong winds.

Wind Report Description: Power lines were blown down on Old Stage Road. Damage amounts are estimated.

Wind Report Description: Strong winds caused a house trailer to blow off its blocks.

Wind Report Description: Strong thunderstorm winds blew down power lines. Damage amounts are estimated.

Wind Report Description: A few trees and power lines were blown down in and around Forest City.

Wind Report Description: Strong thunderstorms produced winds that downed trees across the county. Damage amounts are estimated.

Wind Report Description: Trees were blown down on Highway 16.

Wind Report Description: Strong thunderstorms produced a measured wind gust of 58 MPH.

Wind Report Description: Strong thunderstorms caused a measured wind gust to 62 MPH.

Wind Report Description: Widespread wind damage across the county. Numerous trees and power lines down with some structural damage. Heaviest damage occurred between Seven Mile Ford and Marion. Damage amounts are estimated.

Wind Report Description: Trees and power lines were blown down across the area. Damage amounts are estimated.

Wind Report Description: Strong winds blew down several trees in the Saltville area. Damage amounts are estimated.

Wind Report Description: Public reported a 70 mph (61 knots) wind gust on a home weather station.

Wind Report Description: Coop observer reported numerous trees downed by thunderstorm winds around Highway 75 and Watauga Road near Abingdon.

Wind Report Description: The Johnson City Press newspaper reported numerous trees downed by thunderstorm winds in Johnson City and across the remainder of the county. Many homes...buildings and businesses were also damaged by the wind.

Wind Report Description: Coop observer reported numerous trees downed by thunderstorm winds in the Johnson City County Club area.

Wind Report Description: The Bristol Herald Courier newspaper reported campers were damaged by thunderstorm winds at the Water's Edge campground in Bristol.

Wind Report Description: The Elizabethton Star newspaper reported numerous trees and powerlines downed by thunderstorm winds across the county. In addition many homes... businesses... schools... and vehicles were also damaged by the wind.

Wind Report Description: Johnson City Power Board reported that 19 utility poles and numerous power lines and trees were downed due to thunderstorm winds.

Wind Report Description: Law enforcement personnel reported trees and powerlines downed by thunderstorm wind on Hickory Tree Road and Egypt Road near Bluff City.

Wind Report Description: Large tree limbs were blown down on Norman Dr.

Wind Report Description: Law enforcement personnel reported numerous trees downed by thunderstorm winds northeast of Unicoi along Sciota Road.

Wind Report Description: The Erwin Valley Beautiful Beacon newspaper reported many trees downed by thunderstorm winds across the county.

Wind Report Description: Several trees were blown down in the Flat Top Mountain area.

Wind Report Description: Numerous trees were blown down across the county.

Wind Report Description: Emergency management personnel reported multiple trees downed by thunderstorm winds and several mobile homes damaged across the county.

Wind Report Description: Multiple trees and power lines were blown down across the county.

Wind Report Description: Amateur radio personnel reported two road signs damaged by thunderstorm winds near Baileyton.

Wind Report Description: Several trees and power lines were blown down in the Norton community.

Wind Report Description: Amateur radio personnel reported 1 large tree with a 3 foot diameter downed by thunderstorm winds in Persia.

Wind Report Description: Numerous trees were blown down across the northern portion of the county.

Wind Report Description: Numerous trees were blown down across the county.

Wind Report Description: Numerous trees were blown down, mainly across the northern part of the county.

Wind Report Description: Numerous trees and power lines were blown down across the county.

Wind Report Description: Numerous trees were blown down across the north and west parts of the county.

Wind Report Description: The Lumpkin County 911 Center reported that three trees were down in the Porter Springs and Cavander Creek area approximately seven to eight miles northeast of Dahlonega.

Wind Report Description: The Douglas County 911 Center reported that a tree had fallen on a home causing considerable damage to the structure and trapping the family inside. The family was rescued from the damaged home without incident or injury.

Wind Report Description: Numerous trees were blown down across the county.

Wind Report Description: The Union County 911 Center reported that six trees were down in the Track Rock, and Foyles Town areas in the east central and southeast part of the county.

Wind Report Description: Amateur radio personnel reported trees and powerlines downed by thunderstorm winds along with numerous tree limbs down around Andrews.

Wind Report Description: A few trees were blown down.

Wind Report Description: The Carroll County Emergency Management Director reported that three trees were down in the Carrollton vicinity.

Wind Report Description: Law enforcement personnel reported trees downed by thunderstorm winds on Blackburn...Blythe...Linda...Lebanon Roads and Benton Pike in Cleveland.

Wind Report Description: The Gilmer County Emergency Management Director reported that six trees and a few power lines were down across the county. Radar data suggests that the majority of this occurred from Ellijay westward as the line of thunderstorms weakened considerably as it moved into the eastern part of the county.

Wind Report Description: The Newnan Times-Herald wrote that the Coweta County Emergency Management Director reported that a few trees and power lines were blown down in the Newnan vicinity. Trees blocked parts of Fischer Road near Sharpsburg and Belk Road near Newnan. A couple of power line were also down as a result of downed trees.

Wind Report Description: Law enforcement personnel reported numerous trees and traffic lights downed by thunderstorm wind across 7 area roads in and around Cleveland. Amateur radio personnel reported a 51 knot wind near Interstate 75 in Cleveland.

Wind Report Description: The Haralson County Emergency Management Director reported that four trees were down across the county, mainly north of Georgia Highway 120. A few power outages were also noted in the north part of the county.

Wind Report Description: The Fannin County 911 Center reported that more than half-a-dozen trees were down across the western part of the county.

Wind Report Description: The Bartow County Emergency Management Director reported that several trees were down across the county. In addition, one power line was down on a school bus.

Wind Report Description: Amateur radio personnel reported trees and traffic lights downed by thunderstorm winds in Cleveland and across numerous areas of the county.

Wind Report Description: The Murray County Emergency Management Director reported that about six trees were down across the county, mainly in the Fort Mountain area.

Wind Report Description: The Calhoun Times reported that a log cabin, built in the 1840s, on Mountain Loop Road near Sugar Valley in northwest Gordon county suffered extensive damage when a large tree fell through the roof of the structure. Two other trees were also blown down in the back yard, but these did not cause damage to the home.

Wind Report Description: Law enforcement personnel reported trees and powerlines downed by thunderstorm winds near Central High School in Harrison and along Highway 58.

Wind Report Description: Trees were blown down at the intersection of Highway 204 and Highway 431 as well as at the intersection of Grayton Road and Goodbridge Road.

Wind Report Description: Trees fell across roadways in Anniston.

Wind Report Description: No National Weather Service description provided.

Wind Report Description: The Floyd County Emergency Management Director reported that several trees were down across the county. One telephone pole was down across a road causing the road to be temporarily closed.

Wind Report Description: Law enforcement personnel reported numerous trees and powerlines downed by thunderstorm winds countywide.

Wind Report Description: Several trees were blown down along County Roads 60 and 7 near the Jones community.

Wind Report Description: The Whitfield County Emergency Management Director reported that a home on Alpison Road in Cohutta was destroyed when several large trees fell on the structure. Amateur radio operators relayed reports that school buses encountered several downed trees and power outages. The Whitfield County Emergency Management Director also reported that a few trees were down around Dalton with scattered power outages.

Wind Report Description: The Catoosa County Emergency Management Director reported that a number of trees and power lines were down across the southern part of the county. Several locations in the county, including Ringgold, were left without power.

Wind Report Description: A few trees were blown down blocking Highway 77 just south of Cobb Road.

Wind Report Description: A storm survey conducted by the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Peachtree City, Georgia confirmed that strong straight-line winds, with gusts near 90 mph, had resulted in widespread downed trees in the northeast corner of the county between Morganville and Wildwood. Much of the damage was along Mason and Lambert Roads. Several homes sustained minor roof damage and two vehicles were also destroyed from downed trees.

Wind Report Description: The Chattooga County Emergency Management Director reported widespread damage to trees and power lines across the county. Several buildings sustained roof damage from the winds and/or downed trees.

Wind Report Description: The Walker County Emergency Management Director reported widespread downed trees and power lines throughout the county, but primarily the southern half, including LaFayette. Nearly two dozen roads, including portions of Georgia Highways 341 and 136, were blocked from downed trees. Consequently, several school districts had to delay their start time at least two hours. An outbuilding at a private residence, where a number of antiques were stored, was destroyed when a large tree fell on the structure. In addition, shingles were blown off roofs of homes on Shook Road and Old Bethel Roads.

Wind Report Description: Unspecified damage was reported near the intersection of 431 and highway 75 and along highway 75 to the intersection of Huntsville Road. Also, the KMART at 431 and highway 75 sustained roof damage.

Wind Report Description: Trees were blown down onto vehicles on Memorial Drive.

Wind Report Description: Numerous trees were blown down along Happy Hill Road, Mizel Circle, Cox Gap Road, Oak Drive, Rockledge Road and Lawson Gap Road.

Wind Report Description: Several trees were blown down across County Road 24.

Wind Report Description: Several trees were blown down in and around Oneonta and Inland Lake.

Wind Report Description: Trees and powerlines were blown down.

Wind Report Description: A tree was blown down on a powerline in Claysville.

Wind Report Description: Several trees were blown down near Strawberry.

Wind Report Description: Trees were blown down onto a RV camper and lightly damaged a Chalet.

Wind Report Description: Trees were reported blown down on Anderson Drive.

Wind Report Description: A large tree fell across Morton Circle near highway 69.

Wind Report Description: Trees were knocked down onto CR 1856.

Wind Report Description: Significant building and roof damage occurred in downtown Cullman. Windows and some walls were blown out. Power lines were knocked down and numerous power outages resulted. At Sports Center on highway 31N, Seadoos and Four-Wheelers were flipped over. Big trees were also blown down near the Catholic Church.

Wind Report Description: A few trees were blown down near Northwood Lake. One home had its shutters blown off.

Wind Report Description: Several trees were knocked down or partially uprooted along Vaughn Bridge Road.

Wind Report Description: Several trees were blown down along Highway 140.

Wind Report Description: Several trees were blown down along County Road 2. A mobile home sustained roof damage and a carport was blown over damaging two vehicles.

Wind Report Description: Law enforcement personnel reported numerous trees and traffic lights downed by thunderstorm winds in Cleveland.

Wind Report Description: Several trees were blown down along County Roads 15 and 32.

Wind Report Description: Trees and power lines were reported down.

Wind Report Description: Trees and power lines were down from near Scooba to De Kalb.

Wind Report Description: Trees were blown down on Beaver Creek Road.

Wind Report Description: Trees were blown down near Beaverton.

Wind Report Description: Trees and power lines were down on Little Rock Decatur Road between Little Rock and Decatur.

Wind Report Description: Trees were blown down on Buck Jackson Road.

Wind Report Description: A top of a pine tree fell on a mobile home. Significant damage occurred as branches penetrated the mobile home.

Wind Report Description: A couple of trees were down southwest of Caledonia.

Wind Report Description: Straight lines winds blew over a barn along Highway 492 west of Union.

Wind Report Description: Straight line winds produced widespread damage along Lackey Road, McDuffie Cemetery Road, Markham Drive and Pickle Road, east of Aberdeen. Numerous trees were knocked down. Damage also occurred to a couple of sheds, a carport, and an outbuilding. A tree also fell down onto a house. Two other homes sustained minor damage as well.

Wind Report Description: Three chicken houses were damaged.

Wind Report Description: Straight line winds knocked down trees near Darracot Road, south of Aberdeen.

Tornado Report Description: A weak EF0 tornado touched down in a field behind a home with two eyewitnesses. Path length was 110 yards, width 5 yards. Damage limited to branches of up to 3 inches in diameter ripped off several trees and some deck plastic.

Tornado Report Description: The tornado touched down at the corner of Bomar Place and Michael Boulevard (30.670618 deg. latitude and -88.153471 deg. longitude) where the damage assessment team found one home with roof damage, and 4 other homes with minor gutter and fascia damage. Several trees suffered damage by being snapped off at the top or losing several large limbs. Wind estimates at this location were approximately 65 mph based on the damage seen. The width of the path at this location was approximately 100 yards.||The second damage point the team found was at the corner of Michael Boulevard and Azalea Road (30.6705 deg latitude and -88.1494 deg Longitude). At this location the path widened to approximately 150 Yards and the circulation intensified. Meteorologists here found evidence of winds near 92 mph with sections of roofing missing from 2 restaurants (one a McDonald's) and 1 car-wash. Several windows were blown out of the McDonald's restaurant. A Chevron gas station next door had several pumps blown over with metal panels blown away from the metal canopy. Damage at this location was estimated to be in the EF-1 range of the Enhanced Fujita Scale.||The intensity of the damage weakened at the Cabana Apartments (between Azalea Road and Downtowner Boulevard at 30.6714 deg latitude and 88.1428 deg longitude). Here the team found minor damage to some pine trees with sections of large limbs stripped out. Wind estimates at this point were near 65 mph with a path width of 80 yards.||The tornado re-intensified at the Festival Center between Downtowner Boulevard and Montlimar Drive (30.6724 deg Latitude and -88.1387 deg longitude). Here the team found damage at 2 buildings in the Festival Center where sections of roofing were blown off. On the roof of Virginia College, 6 large air conditioning units (HVAC) were damaged and blown off of their mounts. One of the air conditioning units was blown off of the 2 story roof and landed in the parking lot in front of Virginia College. Wind estimates based on the damage observed indicated winds near 108 MPH at this location, or EF-1 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale. ||The tornado lifted near Montlimar Drive between the Home Depot and Sonic Restaurant at 30.671745 deg latitude and -88.133328 deg longitude. At this location minor tree damage (large limbs stripped out of pine trees) was observed along with a section of a large metal sign being damaged at the Sonic. Winds were estimated to be near 70 mph at this location. ||Interviews of individuals at the damage sites and a post-analysis of NWS doppler radar data from Mobile suggests the storm passed through the area between 417 AM CST and 421 AM CST. No injuries were reported to the National Weather Service from this short lived tornado. Total dollar damage estimates are not available.

Tornado Report Description: The NWS storm survey indicated an EF 0 tornado with a path length of one-tenth of a mile and a width of 40 yards. A roof and siding were damaged on the Harrison First Baptist Church in Harrison as well several trees twisted and snapped in the same area.

Tornado Report Description: A storm survey conducted by the National Weather Service in Peachtree City, Georgia confirmed that an EF0 tornado had touched down approximately four miles northeast of Ringgold along Keiths Road. The tornado traveled east-northeast for only 300 yards before lifting. Maximum path width was determined to be 75 yards with maximum winds gusts estimated to be 80 mph. Two homes, two chicken houses, and a barn suffered minor roof damage from the tornado. In addition, approximately 50 trees were downed along the path of the tornado.

Tornado Report Description: A storm survey conducted by the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Peachtree City, Georgia, confirmed that an EF1 tornado, which began in DeKalb county Alabama, crossed into Dade county approximately two miles southwest of Rising Fawn. The tornado then tracked east-northeast, lifting approximately two miles east of Rising Fawn near the eastern most extension of Holder Loop Road. The maximum path width was determined to be 150 yards with maximum wind gusts estimated at 100 mph. Considerable damage to trees and property was noted along the path of the tornado. Thirty homes sustained minor roof damage either from the strong wind or downed trees. Two barns were destroyed and a mobile home lost nearly all of its roof. Nearly 200 trees were uprooted, snapped, or blown over along the path of the tornado.

Tornado Report Description: An EF-1 tornado with peak winds up to 95 mph continued it's track from Jackson County into DeKalb County paralleling County Road 141, striking two barns, collapsing the roof and walls of one of the barns. Additional trees were snapped or uprooted. The tornado also produced minor roof and structural damage to a trailer and several farm outbuildings along County Road 803.

Tornado Report Description: An EF-2 tornado with peak winds up to 115 mph continued it's track from Jackson into DeKalb County producing it's worst damage near the intersection of County Road 134 and 131. At this location, a cinder-block foundation shed was completely destroyed. The tornado continued northeast lifting much of a roof and portions of a brick exterior of a home along County Roady 886. It also destroyed a 20 by 20 foot shed. As the tornado moved into the town of Ider, it destroyed the bleachers and scoreboard at the Ider High School football field. The bleachers were solid concrete and were reinforced with 1/2 inch thick rebar. Additional damage was observed along Highway 75 as the tornado tracked into Dade County, Georgia.

Tornado Report Description: An EF-1 tornado with peak winds up to 95 mph initially touched down near Rosalie, between County Roads 456 and 83. At this intersection, the porch and overhang of a house collapsed and several large trees were uprooted. The tornado continued to uproot several trees along County Road 78 as the tornado tracked east-northeast into DeKalb County.

Tornado Report Description: An EF-2 tornado with peak winds up to 115 mph touched down along Highway 40 just east of Highway 71. Significant damage occurred at highway 40 and County Road 22. A couple of sheds were destroyed and numerous large trees were snapped and uprooted. A single-wide manufactured home was lifted 4 to 6 feet off its foundation along County Road 382 north of Highway 40. Additional damage occurred along County Road 134 before the tornado crossed into DeKalb County.

Tornado Report Description: An EF-0 tornado with peak winds up to 80 mph touched down between Section and Dutton, just south of Highway 71. The most significant damage occurred near the intersection of County Roads 18 and 395. A trailer was overturned and a small shed was destroyed. Portions of a roof and siding from a house were pulled off and several small trees were snapped.

Tornado Report Description: An EF-0 tornado with peak winds up to 85 mph approached the town of Arab and touched down just east of Highway 231 at Haynes Road. The tornado snapped or uprooted several trees along and produced some minor roof and siding damage at a home at the intersection of Haynes Road and Putter Circle. Additional trees were snapped or uprooted on the golf course across the street from the home. The tornado continued a short track east-northeast causing significant damage to a farm outbuilding on Huckleberry Lane.

Tornado Report Description: The tornado touched down near the intersection of Winston CR 28 and AL Hwy 13 at approximately 205 am, then traveled northeast across CR 13 towards Macedonia. The tornado reached its maximum strength wind speeds of 100 to 110 mph as it crossed CR 3231. The width of the damage path at this point was approx 600 yards, the widest portion of the damage path. The tornado then crossed CR 3230 where it destroyed a two week old hay barn and a large workshop/storage shed and also caused significant damage to two other structures.||Another outbuilding also sustained damage at the same location and the residence sustained significant roof damage. At this point the damage path took more of an easterly path but remained narrow and well-defined. The tornado struck just north of the Macedonia church where a double-wide home sustained significant roof damage and several outbuildings were damaged. It continued eastward just north of Friendship Rd and then crossed AL Hwy 195 as it continued to snap off large tree limbs and caused damage to additional outbuildings. The last damage found was near the intersection of CR 2 and CR 47, where minor roof damage affected a home and tree damage was present. The tornado then moved off into inaccessible forestry land and dissipated.